Catéter peritoneal tunelizado para el manejo de ascitis refractaria en paciente con síndrome nefrótico

Introducción: la ascitis refractaria puede ser una complicación frecuente en el síndrome nefrótico (SN), existen casos reportados del uso de un catéter tunelizado de diálisis peritoneal en pacientes con cirrosis o neoplasias abdominales. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con SN en quién se utilizó un catéter para diálisis peritoneal (DP) para manejo de la ascitis refractaria. Objetivo: mostrar que el catéter peritoneal puede ser considerado como una alternativa para el manejo de la ascitis refractaria en pacientes con síndrome nefrótico. Presentación del caso: paciente varón de 19 años, sin antecedentes patológicos, cursó con edema progresivo y alteración de la función renal. Se evidenció síndrome nefrótico con anasarca y evolucionó con empeoramiento de la función renal ingresando a hemodiálisis de soporte. Se realizó biopsia renal: podocitopatía, glomerulopatía colapsante. Se inició tratamiento con corticoterapia, mejorando la función renal hasta suspender la hemodiálisis, pero presentó ascitis refractaria al tratamiento médico, por lo que se realizó paracentesis evacuatoria en reiteradas ocasiones. Se decidió colocación de catéter peritoneal tunelizado para el manejo de la ascitis refractaria. La ascitis fue disminuyendo progresivamente hasta el retiro del catéter peritoneal. Discusión y conclusión: el uso de catéter tunelizado de diálisis peritoneal es una opción de manejo efectiva en casos de síndrome nefrótico con ascitis refractaria.

Introduction: Refractory ascites can be a frequent complication in nephrotic syndrome (NS), there are reported cases of the use of a tunneled peritoneal dialysis catheter in patients with cirrhosis or abdominal neoplasms. The case of a patient with NS is presented in whom used a peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter to manage refractory ascites. Purpose: To show that the peritoneal catheter can be considered as an alternative for the management of refractory ascites in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Presentation of the case: A 19-year-old male patient, with no pathological history, presented progressive edema and impaired renal function. Nephrotic syndrome with anasarca was evidenced, and it evolved with worsening renal function, entering supportive hemodialysis. Renal biopsy was performed: podocytopathy, collapsing glomerulopathy. Corticosteroid treatment was started, improving renal function until hemodialysis was discontinued, but he presented ascites refractory to medical treatment, for which evacuatory paracentesis was performed repeatedly. It was decided to place a tunneled peritoneal catheter for the management of refractory ascites. Ascites gradually decreased until the peritoneal catheter was removed. Discussion and conclusion: The use of a tunneled peritoneal dialysis catheter is an effective management option in cases of nephrotic syndrome with refractory ascites.

Implantação de time de terapia intravenosa a partir de pesquisa convergente-assistencia / Implementation of an intravenous therapy team based on convergent-assistance research / Implementación de un equipo de terapia intravenosa basado en investigación convergente-asistencial

Objetivo: Implantar um time de terapia intravenosa em um hospital de grande porte. Método: Estudo de abordagem qualitativa realizado a partir de encontros de grupo de convergência, utilizando o referencial metodológico da pesquisa convergente-assistencial. Foram realizadas entrevis-tas semiestruturadas, a apuração dos dados obtidos por meio da análise de conteúdo e a formação de três categorias, que originaram os assuntos para a capacitação dos profissionais. Resultados: Participaram nove enfermeiros e, após a realização de quatro encontros de capacitação, foi implantado um time de terapia intravenosa e desenvolvido documento norteador para a execução do trabalho. Conclusão: O estudo resultou na implantação do time de terapia intravenosa em um hospital de grande porte a partir da pesquisa desenvolvida e da experiência de trabalho dos enfermeiros que atuam na prá-tica assistencial. O referencial metodológico possibilitou aos enfermeiros serem ouvidos enquanto promotores da ação e implementadores da inovação.Palavras-chave: Infecção hospitalar. Cateteres de demora. Infecções relacionadas a cateteres. Segurança do paciente.

Objective: To implement an intravenous therapy team in a large hospital. Method: Qualitative study carried out based on convergence group meetings, using the methodological framework of convergent-assistance research. Semi-structured interviews were carried out, data were collected through content analysis and three categories were formed, which originated the subjects for the training of professionals. Results: Nine nurses par-ticipated in the research and, after four training meetings, an intravenous therapy team was implemented and a guiding document was developed for carrying out the work. Conclusion: The study resulted in the implementation of an intravenous therapy team in a large hospital based on the research developed and the work experience of nurses who work in care practice. The methodological framework allowed nurses to be heard as promoters of action and implementers of innovation.

Objetivo: Implementar un equipo de terapia intravenosa en un gran hospital. Método: Estudio cualitativo realizado a partir de reuniones de grupos de convergencia, utilizando el marco metodológico de investigación convergente-asistencial. Fueron realizadas entrevistas semiestructuradas, reco-gida de datos a través del análisis de contenido y la formación de tres categorías, que originaron los temas para la formación de profesionales. Resultados:Participaron nueve enfermeros y, después de cuatro reuniones de capacitación, se implementó un equipo de terapia intravenosa y se elaboró un docu-mento guía para la realización del trabajo. Conclusión: El estudio resultó en la implementación de un equipo de terapia intravenosa en un hospital de gran porte a partir de la investigación desarrollada y la experiencia laboral de los enfermeros que actúan en la práctica asistencial. El marco metodológico permitió que los enfermeros sean escuchados como promotores de la acción e implementadores de la innovación.

Lock terapia na prevenção e tratamento da infecção da corrente sanguínea associada ao cateter vascular: revisão integrativa / Terapia de bloqueo en la prevención y tratamiento de infecciones del torrente sanguíneo asociadas al catéter vascular: revisión integradora / Lock therapy in prevention and treatment of catheter-associated bloodstream infection: integrative review

Resumo Objetivo Sintetizar o conhecimento sobre o uso da lock terapia na prevenção e no tratamento da infecção da corrente sanguínea associada ao dispositivo de acesso vascular central de longa permanência em pacientes adultos e idosos hospitalizados. Métodos Revisão integrativa com busca nas bases de dados CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, no período de 1º janeiro de 2010 a 28 de setembro de 2021 sem restrições de idioma. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva. Resultados Foram identificados 16 estudos sendo seis (37,5%) sobre o uso da lock terapia como prevenção de infecção associada ao dispositivo de acesso vascular central e dez (62,5%) sobre tratamento. Os artigos sobre prevenção relataram o uso de soluções não antibióticas. Nove dos dez estudos que abordaram a lock terapia como tratamento, utilizaram soluções antibióticas. Dois estudos avaliaram a eficácia da lock terapia em curta duração (de três a quatro dias), sete em maior duração (entre 10 e 14 dias) e um não especificou a duração. Cada estudo descreveu uma técnica de intervenção e o tempo de permanência da solução intraluminal. Em relação ao risco de viés, foram avaliados como baixo risco: cinco ensaios clínicos randomizados, dois ensaios clínicos sem randomização e oito estudos observacionais. Apenas um estudo observacional foi classificado como risco moderado. Conclusão Na prevenção, identificou-se o uso de soluções não antibióticas como o etanol. Para o tratamento, foi utilizada a daptomicina endovenosa. Enquanto os estudos incluídos nessa revisão sobre prevenção não demonstraram evidência estatística, os dez estudos sobre tratamento demonstraram que a lock terapia é um complemento eficaz ao tratamento sistêmico, apresentando boas taxas de salvamento do cateter.

Resumen Objetivo Sintetizar el conocimiento sobre el uso de la terapia de bloqueo en la prevención y tratamiento de infecciones del torrente sanguíneo asociadas al dispositivo de acceso vascular central de larga permanencia en pacientes adultos y adultos mayores hospitalizados. Métodos Revisión integradora con búsqueda en las bases de datos CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, en el período del 1 de enero de 2010 al 28 de septiembre de 2021 sin restricción de idioma. Los datos fueron analizados de forma descriptiva. Resultados Se identificaron 16 estudios, de los cuales seis (37,5 %) trataban sobre el uso de la terapia de bloqueo como prevención de infecciones asociadas al dispositivo de acceso vascular central y diez (62,5 %) sobre tratamiento. En los artículos sobre prevención se relató el uso de soluciones no antibióticas. En nueve de los diez estudios que abordaban la terapia de bloqueo como tratamiento, se utilizaron soluciones antibióticas. En dos estudios se evaluó la eficacia de la terapia de bloqueo de corta duración (de tres a cuatro días), siete de mayor duración (entre 10 y 14 días) y uno sin especificar la duración. En cada estudio se describió una técnica de intervención y el tiempo de permanencia de la solución intraluminal. Con relación al riesgo de sesgo, fueron evaluados con riesgo bajo: cinco ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, dos ensayos clínicos no aleatorizados y ocho estudios observacionales. Solo un estudio observacional fue clasificado con riesgo moderado. Conclusión Para la prevención, se identificó el uso de soluciones no antibióticas como el etanol. Para el tratamiento, se utilizó la daptomicina intravenosa. Aunque los estudios incluidos en esta revisión sobre prevención no hayan demostrado evidencia estadística, los diez estudios sobre tratamiento demostraron que la terapia de bloqueo es un complemento eficaz para el tratamiento sistémico y presentó buenos índices de salvamento del catéter.

Abstract Objective To synthesize knowledge on the use of lock therapy for prevention and treatment of long-term central vascular access devices-associated bloodstream infection in hospitalized adult and elderly patients. Methods Integrative review conducted in CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, from January 1st, 2010 to September 28th, 2021, without language restrictions. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results Sixteen studies were identified, six (37.5%) on the use of lock therapy for prevention of bloodstream infection associated with central vascular access devices, and ten (62.5%) on treatment. The articles on prevention reported the use of non-antibiotic solutions. Nine of the ten studies that addressed lock therapy as treatment used antibiotic solutions. Two studies assessed the effectiveness of lock therapy in a short duration (three to four days), seven in a longer duration (between 10 and 14 days), and one did not specify the length of time. Each study described an intervention technique and the length of stay of the intraluminal solution. Regarding the risk of bias, five randomized clinical trials, two non-randomized clinical trials, and eight observational studies were rated as low risk. Only one observational study was classified as moderate risk. Conclusion The use of non-antibiotic solutions such as ethanol was identified for prevention of bloodstream infection. For treatment, intravenous daptomycin was used. While the studies included in this review on prevention did not show statistical evidence, the ten studies on treatment demonstrated that lock therapy is an effective complement to systemic treatment, showing good catheter salvage rates.

Complications of central venous catheterization and risk factors in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Xi 'an Children's Hospital / 中国基层医药

Objective:To analyze the incidence of complications of central venous catheterization and risk factors in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Xi'an Children 's Hospital.Methods:The clinical data of 310 children who underwent central venous catheterization in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Xi 'an Children's Hospital from June 2020 to February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of complications of central venous catheterization and risk factors were analyzed.Results:A total of 334 central venous catheters were used in 310 chidren. Among the 310 children who underwent central venous catheterization, 102 children (30.54%) had complications related to central venous catheterization. The complications related to central venous catheterization included catheter infection (13.17%), catheter malposition (8.38%), exudation at the puncture site (4.79%), catheter occlusion (2.99%), accidental removal (0.60%), and central venous thrombosis (0.60%). Central venous catheters were removed in 82 children (24.55%) because of complications. There was a significant difference in the incidence of central venous thrombosis among three surgical approaches: femoral vein, internal jugular vein, and subclavian vein ( χ2 = 7.06, P = 0.029). Longer time for catheterization resulted in a higher incidence of complications, including catheter-related infection ( χ2 = 7.17, P = 0.028), puncture point exudation and obstruction ( χ2 = 8.59, P = 0.014), central venous thrombosis ( χ2 = 6.78, P = 0.034). Regression analysis showed that suture shedding and bleeding at the insertion sites were the main risk factors for catheter-related complications (suture shedding OR = 4.85, P = 0.001; bleeding at the insertion sites OR = 1.83, P = 0.008). Conclusion:The most common complications of central venous catheterization in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Xi'an Children's Hospital include catheter-related infection, catheter malposition, and puncture site exudation. Risk factors for complications during catheter retention include suture shedding and bleeding at the insertion sites.

Clinical evaluation of long-term indwelling of Allium ureteral stent in the treatment of ureteral stricture / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To evaluate the safety and efficacy of long-term indwelling of Allium ureteral stent in the treatment of ureteral stricture. 【Methods】 The clinical data of patients who underwent endoscopic Allium ureteral stent implantation for ureteral stricture in our hospital during Aug.2020 and Dec.2022 were retrospectively analyzed, and the surgical conditions and adverse events were recorded. The data of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal pelvis width under ultrasound were compared before surgery and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. 【Results】 A total of 52 patients with ureteral stricture of 1.1 (0.7, 2.0)cm were included. All operations were successful. The operation time was 82.5 (70, 114)min, intraoperative blood loss 20 (10, 20)mL, and postoperative hospitalization stay 1 (1, 2) day. During the follow-up of (13.2±7.8) months, 14 patients had stent displacement, 5 had stone obstruction of stent tubes, 7 had occasional hematuria after movement, 9 had intermittent lumbar and abdominal pain, and 1 had recurrent urinary tract infection. The serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and renal pelvis width of 1 month, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery were significantly decreased, while GFR was significantly increased. 【Conclusion】 Long-term indwelling of Allium ureteral stent is effective in the treatment of ureteral stricture, but the high incidence of stent displacement should arouse attention.

Incidence and related factors of umbilical venous catheter tip migration / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the incidence and the related factors of umbilical vein catheter (UVC) tip migration within 7 d after umbilical vein catheterization.Methods:This prospective study involved neonates who were successfully indwelled with UVCs in the Department of Neonatology of Gansu Provincial Women and Child-care Hospital from June 2020 to December 2021. The position of the UVC tip, length of umbilical stump, body weight, and abdominal circumference were recorded after the UVCs were inserted successfully, and the changes in these four data at 2, 24, 48, 72 h, and 7 d after catheterization were analyzed and compared. All the subjects were divided into the non-migrate group, inward migration group, and outward migration group. Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, or Kruskal Wallis H test were used for statistical analysis. Results:A total of 157 newborns were enrolled, with 51 cases in the inward migration group, 62 cases in the outward migration group, and 44 cases in the non-migrate group. There were no significant differences among the three groups regarding gestational age, birth weight, gender, born through cesarean section, age at the time of catheterization, use of sedation, and feeding modes (all P>0.05). The migration rates of UVCs tip at 2, 24, 48, 72 h, and 7 d after catheterization were 0, 27.4% (43/157), 27.2% (31/114), 25.3% (21/83), and 29.0% (18/62), respectively. The cumulative migration rates at 24, 48, 72 h, and 7 d were 27.4% (43/157), 47.1% (74/157), 60.1% (95/157), and 72.0% (113/157), respectively. Compared with the non-migrate group, the inward migration group had a shorter umbilical cord stump at 24 and 48 h [0.5 cm (0.4-0.5 cm) vs 0.6 cm (0.5-0.8 cm); 0.4 cm (0.3-0.5 cm) vs 0.5 cm (0.5-0.6 cm), Z=－5.55 and －3.69, both P<0.05], less abdominal circumference increment at 48 and 72 h [0.6 cm (0.5-1.0 cm) vs 0.9 cm (0.7-1.2 cm); 0.6 cm (0.3-0.9 cm) vs 0.9 cm (0.7- 1.3 cm), Z=－2.03 and －2.09, both P<0.05)], and more weight loss percentage [－4.7% (－6.0%-－3.6%) vs －3.1% (－3.7%-－2.2%); －6.0% (－7.5%-－5.0%) vs －3.9% (－5.1%-－2.4%), Z=－3.75 and －2.96, both P<0.05]. The abdominal circumference increased more in the outward migration group at 24, 48, 72 h, and 7 d than those in the non-migrate group [1.6 cm (0.9-1.9 cm) vs 0.7 cm (0.5-0.9 cm); 1.5 cm (1.2-1.8 cm) vs 0.9 cm (0.7-1.2 cm); 1.7 cm (1.3-1.9 cm) vs 0.9 cm (0.7-1.3 cm); 1.6 cm (1.1-1.9 cm) vs 0.9 cm (0.6-1.3 cm), Z=－4.82, －4.79, －3.74, and －3.09, all P<0.05]. Conclusion:The incidence of UVC tip migration is high, which could be affected by dryness and retraction of the umbilical cord stump and the change in neonatal abdominal circumference and body weight.

The formula for orogastric tube insertion length in preterm infants based on growth indicators and gestational age / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To develop a formula for estimating the insertion length of orogastric (OG) tube for preterm infants based on growth indicators and gestational age (GA).Methods:From January 2020 to December 2021, preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. OG tubes were inserted within 24 h of admission and the lengths of OG tubes were adjusted according to chest and abdominal X-ray results. The formula for OG tube placement was developed using stepwise regression analysis method with GA, body weight (BW) and body length (BL) as the independent variables and the corrected length of OG tube as the dependent variable. The weight-based formula developed by Freeman et al. were compared.Results:A total of 180 preterm infants were included, with 90 cases GA<32 weeks, 84 cases GA 32~35 weeks and 6 cases GA 36 weeks. No significant differences ( P>0.05) existed in the incidences of misplacement of OG tube and the specific types of misplacement among GA groups. For infants with GA≤35 weeks, the insertion length of OG tube was positively correlated with BW and BL and for preterm infants with GA 36 weeks, the insertion length of OG tube was positively correlated with BW only. Stepwise regression analysis showed the formula as OG tube length (cm)=11.8+2.1×BW (kg) or OG tube length (cm)=9.5+1.6×BW (kg)+0.091×GA (week). Comparing with the formula developed by Freeman et al., the differences of OG tube length estimated using our formula were more prominent as BW increased. Conclusions:The length of OG tube is positively correlated with BW and GA with BW shows more influence.

Nursing protocols to reduce urinary tract infection caused by indwelling catheters: an integrative review / Protocolos de enfermería para reducir la infección del tracto urinario causada por catéteres permanentes: revisión integradora / Protocolos de enfermagem para redução de infecção urinária por cateteres de demora: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the production of knowledge in research articles about the effectiveness of nursing protocols for reducing indwelling urinary catheter dwell time and catheter-associated urinary tract infection rate in hospitalized adult and older patients. Methods: an integrative review of three full articles, available in the MEDLINE Complete - EBSCO, Scopus and Web of Science databases, from 01/01/2015 to 04/26/2021. Results: the three protocols reduced infection rates, and from the review/synthesis of their knowledge, a level IV body of evidence emerged to compose the nursing care process aimed at reducing indwelling urinary catheter dwell time and catheter-associated urinary tract infection. Final Considerations: this process gathers scientific evidence to support the elaboration of nursing protocols and, consequently, the conduction of clinical trials on its effectiveness in reducing urinary tract infection by indwelling urinary catheter.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la producción de conocimiento a partir de artículos de investigación sobre la efectividad de los protocolos de enfermería para reducir la estancia de una sonda vesical y la tasa de infección del tracto urinario relacionada con el catéter en adultos y ancianos hospitalizados. Métodos: revisión integradora de tres artículos completos, en las bases de datos MEDLINE Complete (EBSCO), Scopus y Web of Science, del 01/01/2015 al 26/04/2021. Resultados: los tres protocolos redujeron las tasas de infección y, de la revisión/síntesis de sus conocimientos, surgió un cuerpo de evidencia de nivel IV para componer el proceso de atención de enfermería, con el objetivo de reducir la permanencia de sonda vesical y la infección asociada. Consideraciones Finales: este proceso reúne evidencias científicas para apoyar la elaboración de protocolos de enfermería y, consecuentemente, la realización de ensayos clínicos sobre su efectividad en la reducción de la infección por sonda vesical permanente.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a produção do conhecimento de artigos de pesquisas acerca da efetividade de protocolos de enfermagem para redução do tempo de permanência de sonda vesical de demora e da taxa de infecção do trato urinário relacionada ao cateter em pacientes adultos e idosos hospitalizados. Métodos: revisão integrativa de três artigos na íntegra, nas bases de dados MEDLINE Complete (EBSCO), Scopus e Web of Science, no período de 01/01/2015 a 26/04/2021. Resultados: os três protocolos reduziram as taxas de infecção, e, da revisão/síntese de seu conhecimento, emergiu um corpo de evidências de nível IV para compor o processo de cuidar de enfermagem, visando à redução da permanência do cateter e da infecção associada. Considerações Finais: esse processo reúne evidências científicas para subsidiar a elaboração de protocolos de enfermagem e, consequentemente, a condução de ensaios clínicos sobre sua eficácia na redução de infecção do trato urinário por sonda vesical de demora.

Utilización del catéter venoso central de inserción periférica en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales del Instituto Nacional de Salud Del Niño Breña, 2017-2019 / Use of peripherally inserted central venous catheter in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Instituto Nacional de Salud Del Niño Breña, 2017-2019

RESUMEN Introducción. Actualmente la tasa de nacimientos a nivel mundial es de 18,8% y en el Perú es de 10%. Las principales causas de mortalidad neonatal son los partos pre termino, infecciones y defectos congénitos. La unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales es el área que se encarga de la atención de los recién nacidos en estado crítico, siendo indispensable la obtención de una vía de acceso venoso central adecuada para su tratamiento. Objetivo. Describir la utilización del catéter percutáneo de inserción periférica en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño Breña, periodo junio 2017 - junio 2019. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo, transversal. La muestra fue intencional conformada aproximadamente por 110 historias clínicas de recién nacidos que estuvieron hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales. La técnica la observación y el instrumento la lista de chequeo. Resultados. El 51,8% fueron neonatos con patología quirúrgica. Asimismo, el 36,4% tuvieron una edad gestacional menor o igual de 32 semanas, la vena más usada fue la basílica con un 27,3%, el 37,3% de los catéteres fueron retirados por sospecha de sepsis y las puntas enviadas a cultivo. Conclusiones. El cuidado en el procedimiento y mantenimiento del catéter percutáneo fue el adecuado, presentándose un bajo número de complicaciones.

ABSTRACT Introduction. Currently the birth rate worldwide is 18.8% and in Peru it is 10%. The main causes of neonatal mortality are preterm births, infections and congenital defects. The neonatal intensive care unit is the area that is responsible for the care of newborns in critical condition, obtaining an adequate central venous access route for their treatment is essential. Objective. To describe the use of the percutaneous peripheral insertion catheter in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño Breña, period June 2017 - June 2019. Methods. The study was descriptive, observational, retrospective, cross-sectional. The intentional sample was made up of approximately 110 medical records of newborns who were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit. The technique the observation and the instrument the checklist. Results. 51.8% were neonates with surgical pathology. Likewise, 36.4% had a gestational age less than or equal to 32 weeks, the most used vein was the basilica with 27.3%, 37.3% of the catheters were removed due to suspected Sepsis and the tips were sent for culture. Conclusions. The care in the procedure and maintenance of the percutaneous catheter was adequate, presenting a low number of complications.

Protótipo de cateter vesical de três vias para a Lavagem Vesical / Three-way bladder catheter prototype for bladder washing

As principais complicações pós-operatórias de Ressecção Transuretral da Próstata (RTU-P) são: retenção urinária por coágulos sanguíneos na sonda e a contaminação exógena do sistema urinário por manipulação do profissional de saúde ao realizar a técnica de lavagem vesical. O artigo descreve o desenvolvimento de um protótipo para a manutenção do sistema urinário fechado durante a lavagem vesical e permitir a medição das pressões no interior do cateter vesical de demora (CVD) de três vias com o protótipo durante a técnica da lavagem vesical. Trata-se de uma pesquisa tecnológica baseada no modelo de Processo de Desenvolvimento do Produto de Rozenfeld. Foram realizados testes de funcionalidade por meio de experimentos em ambiente controlado dentro de laboratório. O protótipo apresentou resultados satisfatórios quanto a manutenção do sistema urinário fechado durante a técnica de lavagem vesical. O uso do catéter permitiu a medição das pressões específicas do CVD de três vias em três momentos diferentes: cateter desobstruído, cateter parcialmente obstruído e cateter totalmente obstruído. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o protótipo pode representar uma ferramenta inovadora na área de urologia. Atendeu as especificações do projeto e possibilitou a manutenção do sistema urinário fechado na lavagem vesical. Além de diminuir os riscos de contaminação do sistema urinário durante a manipulação da técnica. Portanto, o presente estudo demostrou que o protótipo é plenamente seguro quando comparado as pressões exercidas dentro do CVD. Existe a necessidade de realizar testes experimentais em humanos para comprovar a diminuição de contaminação do trato urinário como uso do protótipo.

The main postoperative complications of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) are urinary retention by blood clots in the probe and exogenous contamination of the urinary system by manipulation of the healthcare professional when performing the bladder washing technique. The aim of this study was to develop a prototype for keeping the urinary system closed during bladder washes and to measure the internal pressures of the three-way Indwelling Urinary Catheter (IDC) during the bladder washing technique. This was a technological study based on the Rozenfeld's Product Development Process model. Functionality tests were carried out through experiments in a controlled environment in the laboratory. The prototype showed satisfactory results regarding the preservation of the urinary system closed during the bladder washing technique. It was possible to obtain specific pressures from the three-way IDC at three different moments: unobstructed catheter, partially obstructed catheter, and totally obstructed catheter. The results obtained demonstrate that the prototype can represent an innovative tool in the area of urology. It met the project's specifications and preserved the urinary system closed during the bladder washing. Moreover, it reduces the risk of urinary system contamination during the technique manipulation. Therefore, the present study showed that the prototype is fully safe regarding the pressures exerted inside the IDC. There is a need to carry out experimental tests in humans to prove the decrease of urinary tract contamination with the use of this prototype.

Digital subtraction angiography combined with wire guidance versus gastroscopy in enteral nutrition catheterization in patients with special diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of digital subtraction angiography combined with wire guidance versus gastroscopy in enteral nutrition catheterization in patients with special diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Methods:We recruited 120 patients with special diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract who underwent enteral nutrition catheterization in Yuyao People's Hospital from January 2016 to July 2020. These patients had gastric outlet obstruction ( n = 40), esophageal obstruction ( n = 39), tracheoesophageal fistula and mediastinal-esophageal fistula ( n = 26), or anastomotic fistula or anastomotic stenosis ( n = 15) after esophageal and gastric surgery. They were randomly allocated into the control and study groups ( n = 60/group). The control group was subject to enteral nutrition catheterization under the guidance of gastroscopy. The study group was subject to enteral nutrition catheterization using digital subtraction angiography combined with wire guidance. We compared the success rate of enteral nutrition catheterization, the time to successful enteral nutrition catheterization, changes in vital signs (such as heart rate, respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure, and blood oxygen saturation) after catheterization relative to before catheterization, and the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups. Results:The success rate of enteral nutrition catheterization was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (86.67% vs. 65.00%, χ2 = 7.68, P = 0.006). The time to successful enteral nutrition catheterization in the study group was significantly shorter than that in the control group [(28.61 ± 3.37) minutes vs. (39.75 ± 4.61) minutes, t = -8.92, P < 0.001]. During enteral nutrition catheterization, heart rate, respiratory rate, and mean arterial pressure in the control group were significantly increased compared with before enteral nutrition catheterization ( t = 5.07, 6.85, 4.96, all P < 0.001). During enteral nutrition catheterization, the heart rate and respiratory rate were significantly higher in the control group than in the study group ( t = 3.45, 3.29, both P < 0.001). After enteral nutrition catheterization, the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (13.33% vs. 33.33%, χ2 = 6.70, P = 0.010). Conclusion:Digital subtraction angiography combined with wire guidance can increase the success rate of enteral nutrition catheterization in patients with special diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract, shorten the time to successful enteral nutrition catheterization, increase patient tolerance to catheterization, and reduce adverse reactions.

Construction of an evaluation index system for risk factors of peripheral venous indwelling catheter failure in adults / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To construct an evaluation index system for the risk factors of peripheral venous indwelling catheter failure in adults.Methods:Through literature review, focus group interview method and Delphi method, an evaluation index system for risk factors of peripheral venous indwelling catheter failure in adults was established.Results:The recovery rate of the two round were both 100%; the authority coefficient was 0.939, the coordination coefficient was 0.452 and 0.315 respectively ( χ2=607.88, 502.45, P<0.05). Finally an evaluation index system for adult peripheral venous indwelling needle catheter failure risk factors including puncture factors, patient factors, indwelling needle placement factors, indwelling needle maitenance and withdrawal factors and 54 second-level indicators were formed. Conclusions:The construction of adult peripheral venous indwelling needle catheter failure risk factor assessment system is reasonable and comprehensive in content, which provides reference for clinical nurses to evaluate and prevent the failure of adult peripheral venous catheter failure.

Clinical application of non-incision removal of tunneled cuffed catheter / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective:To explore the effectiveness and complications of non-incision removal of tunneled cuffed catheter (TCC).Methods:The clinical characteristics, surgical plans and complications of patients with TCC removal in the Renal Division of Peking University First Hospital from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into non-incision removal group and traditional incision removal group. The clinical characteristics, procedure success rate, procedural duration and complications were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 349 patients were included in this study, for whom 368 catheter removal procedures were performed, including 286 procedures in the non-incision removal group, 75 procedures in the traditional incision removal group, and 7 procedures without records of surgical plans. There was no significant difference in age, sex, basic kidney diseases and catheter remaining time and location between the two groups (all P>0.05). Two procedures in the non-incision removal group and 1 procedure in the traditional incision removal group failed respectively, and there was no significant difference in the procedure success rate between the two groups (99.3% vs 98.7%, χ2=0.290, P=0.590). The procedural duration in the non-incision removal group was lower than that in the traditional incision removal group [(5.36±1.70) min vs (17.55±3.28) min, t=44.198, P<0.001]. Among the patients who needed TCC exchange, there was no significant difference in the selection of new catheter position between the two groups ( P=0.330). In terms of complications, there were 2 procedures of local hematoma in the non-incision removal group and 1 procedure of infection in the traditional incision removal group, and there was no severe complication in both groups. Conclusions:There was no significant difference in the procedural success rate and complications between non-incision removal group and traditional incision removal group, and non-incision procedure may be superior in reducing the procedure duration and harm less to the patients. Non-incision procedure is a safe and effective method to remove TCC.

Quality of life in patients with malignant pleural effusion treated with an indwelling pleural catheter in an emerging country

Abstract Background: The use of Indwelling Pleural Catheter (IPC) in the care of patients with Malignant Pleural Effusion (MPE) is well established, however studies involving public health systems of low and middle-income countries are still lacking. This study aimed to determine the effect of IPC on the respiratory symptoms and Quality of Life (QoL) of patients with MPE in the setting of a Brazilian public health system. Methods: From August 2015 to November 2019, patients with MPE underwent IPC placement and were prospectively followed. QoL and respiratory symptoms were assessed by the EORTC questionnaires (QLQ-30; LC13) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), respectively, at pre-treatment, 30 , and 60 days after IPC placement. Results: 56 patients were enrolled with 57 catheters inserted. The mean age was 63 (23‒88) years, of which 17 (30%) were men and 39 (70%) were women. Breast 24 (42%) and lung 21 (37%) were the main primary neoplasms. Cellulitis was the most common complication and all patients recovered with appropriate antimicrobial therapy. QoL did not change significantly over time, however, the VAS showed a significant improvement in dyspnea (+1.2: -0.5; p = 0.001). Conclusion: IPC relieves respiratory symptoms without compromising the QoL, with a low complication rate. It represents a suitable option for patients with MPE and short LE in an emerging country. HIGHLIGHTS Indwelling pleural catheter represents a suitable option for patients with malignant pleural effusion and short life expectancy. It relieves respiratory symptoms without compromising the quality of life, and the complication rate is low, even in an emerging country, with a low socioeconomic and under-educated patient population. The rate of spontaneous pleurodesis was 45%. The analysis of the visual analog scale showed significant control of dyspnea (p = 0.001), but pain and quality of life did not change significantly.

Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, la ansiedad y depresión en personas con cardiodesfibrilador / Quality of life related to health, anxiety and depression in people with cardioverter defibrillators

Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares han provocado el incremento de arritmias en la población, aumentando el uso de dispositivos como el cardiodesfibrilador, que, si bien previene las arritmias, puede afectar la calidad de vida. Objetivo: Describir la asociación que existe entre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, la ansiedad y la depresión en personas portadoras de un cardiodesfibrilador. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo correlacional, de corte transversal, donde participaron 85 pacientes con implante de cardiodesfibrilador. Se aplicó una ficha sociodemográfica, los instrumentos Cuestionario de Salud (SF-36), el Inventario de Ansiedad y Depresión de Beck. Resultados: El 81,2% de los participantes fueron hombres con rango de edad 36-92 años. La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud mostró correlación negativa media con respecto a la ansiedad (r=‒0,622; p<0,001) y moderada, respecto a la depresión (rs=‒0,599; p<0,001). Conclusiones: Portar un cardiodesfibrilador puede desencadenar ansiedad y depresión, si estos no se intervienen oportunamente la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud puede deteriorarse, por ello, es importante implementar acciones tempranas que generen bienestar.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases have caused a rise in arrhythmias, increasing the use caridoverter defibrillators. Although, these devices prevent arrhythmias, they may also affect the quality of life. Objective: To describe the association between quality of life and health, anxiety and depression in people who use cardioverter defibrillators. Materials and methods: A qualitative, descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study was carried out with 85 patients using implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Sociodemographic records, the Health Questionnaire (SF-36), and the Beck Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire were used. Results: 81.2% of participants were men with their ages ranging between 36 and 92 years. The health-related quality of life showed a negative correlation with respect to anxiety (r=- 0.622) and a slight correlation with depression (rs=-0.599; p<0.001). Conclusions: The use of a cardioverter-defibrillator can trigger anxiety and depression that can deteriorate the health-related quality of life if not timely intervened. It is important to implement early actions that generate well-being.

Diameter of ductus venous and angle between ductus venous and sagittal part of left portal vein associated with success rate of neonatal umbilical venous catheterization / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of the angle between sagittal part of left portal vein and ductus venous(AsLPVDV), and the diameter of ductus venous(DDV) on the success rate of umbilical venous catheterization (UVC) in neonates.Methods:This was a retrospective study including 80 neonates requireing UVC in Gansu Provincial Women and Child-care Hospital from April 2020 to January 2021. According to the results of UVC, they were grouped into the success group(successful insertion of catheter, n=76) and failure group(failed to insert, n=4), or one-time success group (successful after first insertion attempt, n=43) and non-one-time success group(successful after several attempts or failed to insert, n=37). The AsLPVDV and the DDV were measured before UVC by bedside ultrasound. For those with obstruction of catheterization were guided by pressing the abdomen in right side recumbent position under real-time ultrasound monitoring. The success rate of UVC and the differences of AsLPVDV and DDV among different groups were compared. Chi-square test, t test, or U test were adopted for the comparison among groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the AsLPVDV and the DDV in predicting the one-time success of UVC. Results:The total success rate of UVC was 95%(76/80) and the one-time success rate was 53.8%(43/80). A larger AsLPVDV and DDV were observed in the success group compared with the failure group [(142.2±8.3)° vs (133.6±3.2)°, (3.0±0.4) vs(1.8±0.4) mm, t=6.284 and 2.064, both P<0.05] as well as in one-time success group compared with the non-one-time success group [(147.5±6.2)° vs (135.2±4.7)°, (3.1±0.3) vs (2.8±0.6) mm, t=9.956 and 2.939, both P<0.05]. Area under the curve of AsLPVDV and DDV in predicting one-time success of UVC were 0.944(95% CI:0.869-0.983) and 0.811 (95% CI:0.708-0.890), respectively. The cut-off value was 140.4° for AsLPVDV and 2.9 mm for DDV, with the sensitivity of 93.0% and 90.7%, and specificity of 91.9% and 64.9%, respectively. Conclusions:The success rate of UVC is related to AsLPVDV and DDV. AsLPVDV is of high value in predicting the one-time success of UVC.

Analysis of risk factors of modified midline catheter-related thrombosis and its countermeasures / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To analyze the risk factors of modified midline catheter-related thrombosis and propose countermeasures.Methods:Retrospective analysis was used to divide patients admitted to the neurology department of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from February 2018 to July 2020 into thrombotic group (9 cases) and nonthrombotic group (117 cases). Univariate analysis and binary Logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors for catheter-related thrombosis.Results:The incidence of thrombosis was 7.14% (9/126) in patients with modified midline catheters. Univariate analysis showed that the occurrence of catheter-related thrombosis in patients was related to the primary type ( χ2 value was 6.331, P<0.05) and catheter pretreatment ( χ2 value was 4.016, P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the primary disease type and the catheter pretreatment method ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The incidence of thrombus in patients with encephalitis and pretreated catheter with normal saline is high, preventive care should be taken before the occurrence of thrombus, and thrombolytic therapy should be taken as soon as possible after the occurrence of thrombus.

Risk factors for postoperative retention of urinary catheters in patients with lung tumors under concept of enhanced recovery after surgery: A case-control study / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To explore the independent risk factors for postoperative retention of urinary catheters in the ward of lung tumor patients due to urinary retention under the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). Methods    Seventy-five patients with lung tumors who had urinary catheters left in the postoperative ward between June 2019 and August 2019 were selected as a case group, and 75 patients with lung tumors who did not have urinary catheters in the perioperative period as a control group. Independent risk factors for indwelling urinary catheters in the postoperative ward were screened by univariate and multiple-variate logistic stepwise regression analysis. Results    There were 45 males and 30 females in the case group with an average age of 55.33±10.78 years, 28 males and 47 females in the control group with an average age of 57.12±10.06 years. Univariate analysis showed that gender, operative time>2 h, intraoperative fluid volume≥1 200 mL, and fluid volume within 6 h of returning to the ward after surgery>1 200 mL were associated with the occurrence of indwelling urinary catheters in patients with lung tumors in postoperative wards (P<0.05). Multiple-variate logistic regression showed that male (OR=2.311, 95%CI 1.173-4.552, P=0.015), infusion volume within 6 h of returning to the ward after surgery>1 200 mL (OR=2.491, 95%CI 1.149-5.401, P=0.021) and intraoperative infusion volume≥1 200 mL (OR=2.105, 95%CI 1.022-4.340, P=0.044) were independent risk factors for postoperative retention of urinary catheters in patients with lung tumors. Conclusion    The occurrence of indwelling urinary catheter in lung tumor patients under the ERAS concept is the result of a combination of factors, and patients who are male, have infusion volume>1 200 mL within 6 h of returning to the ward after surgery, and have intraoperative infusion volume≥1 200 mL are the high-risk group for postoperative ward indwelling urinary catheter, and health care personnel should strengthen the assessment and observation, provide targeted health education, appropriately control the perioperative fluid volume, and take other measures to reduce the occurrence of indwelling urinary catheters due to urinary retention postoperatively in ward.

Development and validation of an educational video on the care for children using a semi-implantable catheter / Elaboración y validación de un vídeo didáctico sobre el cuidado de niños utilizando catéter semi-implantable / Elaboração e validação de vídeo educativo sobre cuidado de crianças em uso de cateter semi-implantável

ABSTRACT Objectives: To develop and validate an educational video for family members of children with leukemia using a semi-implantable catheter. Method: Methodological research, carried out from 2018 to 2020 in six stages: search for themes through interviews with family members of children with leukemia using a semi-implantable catheter at the Institute of Pediatrics of Rio de Janeiro; theoretical study; video development; online validation with expert judges; adequacy of the video and validation with family members. Interviews analyzed with Iramuteq software and validation with Likert scale considering validated items with a concordance index of 90%. Results: The themes hand hygiene, dressing and catheter fixation; bath care and catheter complications were addressed in an animated video created and validated with a concordance index of 97% among judges and 100% by family members. Conclusion: The study valued the participation of family members in all conception of the video and created a validated educational technology of far reaching and easy to use.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Desarrollar y validar un video educativo para familiares de niños con leucemia utilizando un catéter semi-implantable. Método: Investigación metodológica, realizada de 2018 a 2020 en seis etapas: buscar temas a través de entrevistas a familiares de niños con leucemia mediante catéter semi-implantable en el Instituto de Pediatría de Río de Janeiro; estudio teórico; desarrollo de video; validación en línea con jueces expertos; adecuación del video y validación con familiares. Entrevistas analizadas con software Iramuteq y validación con escala Likert considerando ítems validados con índices de concordancia de 90%. Resultados: Se identificaron los siguientes temas: higiene de manos, vendaje y fijación de catéteres; complicaciones del baño y el catéter. Video de animación 2D elaborado, validado con una tasa de acuerdo del 97% por los jueces y del 100% por familiares. Conclusión: El estudio valoró la participación de los familiares en toda concepción del video y creó una tecnología educativa validada de alto alcance y fácil uso.

RESUMO Objetivos: Elaborar e validar um vídeo educativo para familiares de crianças com leucemia em uso de cateter semi-implantável. Método: Pesquisa metodológica, realizada de 2018 a 2020 em seis etapas: busca de temas através de entrevista com familiares de crianças com cateter semi-implantável no Instituto de Pediatria do Rio de Janeiro; estudo teórico; desenvolvimento do vídeo; validação com juízes-especialistas; adequação do vídeo e validação com familiares. Entrevistas analisadas pelo software Iramuteq e validação com escala Likert, considerando-se validados itens com índices de concordância de 90%. Resultados: Os temas higienização das mãos, curativo e fixação do cateter; cuidados no banho e complicações com o cateter foram abordados em vídeo animado elaborado e validado com índice de concordância de 97% entre juízes e 100% pelos familiares. Conclusão: O estudo valorizou a participação dos familiares em toda concepção do vídeo e criou uma tecnologia educacional validada de alto alcance e fácil utilização.

Management of a bi-caval dual lumen cannula clot obstruction after TEE guided diagnosis: a case report / Conduta em obstrução por coágulo em cânula de duplo lúmen bicaval após diagnóstico guiado por ETE: relato de caso

Abstract Background: Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is an established therapy for patients with refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). One complication related to the use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is thrombosis despite proper anticoagulation. We report the diagnosis and management of a clot-obstruction in a single site cannula placed through the internal jugular vein, guided by transesophageal echocardiography. Case report: A 39 year-old male developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and hemodynamic instability after an episode of pulmonary aspiration in the ICU. Eight hours after placement of a single site veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, suddenly the perfusionist noticed a reduction in flow. TEE showed a thrombus-like mass obstructing the inflow port in SVC and inflow at IVC was intact. After unsuccessful attempts to reposition the cannula, the team decided to insert additional femoral inflow cannula through the IVC. The single site catheter was then pulled out until its tip was positioned in the right atrium and all three ports of the catheter were switched to the infusion ports. After this, flows and oxygenation improved significantly. Unfortunately, despite all of the efforts, the patient died 2 days later. Discussion: The diagnosis of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannula obstruction is based on reduced inflow rates, hemodynamic instability and poor oxygenation of blood. TEE allows evaluation of the flows inside the cannula and in this case, an obstruction was found. The management presented points to the fact that in a situation of catheter obstruction caused by a clot, there is a feasible alternative to assure minimal interruption of the hemodynamic support offered by the veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Resumo Justificativa: A oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea veno-venosa é terapia estabelecida para pacientes com a síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo. Uma complicação relacionada ao uso da oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea veno-venosa é trombose apesar de anti-coagulação adequada. Relatamos o diagnóstico e conduta em obstrução por coágulo em cânula de acesso único inserida pela veia jugular interna, guiada por ecocardiografia transesofageana. Relato de caso: Paciente do sexo masculino de 39 anos desenvolveu síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo e instabilidade hemodinâmica após episódio de aspiração pulmonar na UTI. Oito horas após a instalação de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea veno-venosa de acesso único, o perfusionista notou repentina redução no fluxo. A ETE revelou massa semelhante a um trombo obstruindo o portal de fluxo de entrada na VCS e o fluxo de saída na VCI estava intacto. Após tentativas sem sucesso para reposicionar a cânula, a equipe decidiu inserir cânula de entrada de fluxo adicional pela VCI. O catéter de acesso único foi, então, puxado até que sua ponta se posicionasse no átrio direito e todos os três portais do catéter fossem transferidos para os portais de infusão. A seguir, os fluxos e oxigenação melhoraram significativamente. Infelizmente, apesar dos esforços, o paciente foi a óbito 2 dias depois. Discussão: O diagnóstico de obstrução de cânula da oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea veno-venosa se baseia em velocidades reduzidas de entrada de fluxo, instabilidade hemodinâmica e oxigenação pobre do sangue. A ETE permite a avaliação dos fluxos dentro da cânula, e nesse caso foi encontrada obstrução. A técnica apresentada aponta para o fato de que em situação de obstrução de catéter causada por coágulo, existe alternativa factível para garantir interrrupção mínima do suporte hemodinâmico oferecido pela oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea veno-venosa.